Common types of metal welding services

Welding is the way that pieces of metal are permanently joined together. Almost everything around you was either welded or made by some piece of equipment that was welded, from small piping systems to giant skyscrapers. Due to the multiple demands or applications of welding, different types of welding processes are used to bring about the best result. And there is a large variety of welding methods to choose from, there are four which are most commonly used and important welding services.

Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) – Shielded Metal Arc Welding(SHAW) is also known as “Arc Welding” or simply called as “stick welding”.  This is the most basic of all welding types. The stick in question refers to the electrode (welding rod) , which consists of a core wire coated in a protectant flux. An electrode holder holds the “stick” in place and an electric arc is created across the gap using either direct or alternating current. This heat melts both the base metal and the electrode creating the weld. During this process, the flux coating releases a gas vapor which, together with the slag, creates a shielded environment to protect the weld area from oxides and nitrides in the atmosphere. The electrode produces a slag covering on the finished weld.

Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) – Gas Tungsten Arc Welding, also known as “GTAW” or “TIG welding (Tungsten Inert Gas)” uses a tungsten electrode to produce the weld. This tungsten electrode is made use of to heat the base metal and create a molten weld puddle. By melting two pieces of metal together, an autogenous weld can be created. The weld area is protected from atmospheric contamination by an inert gas, often Argon or Helium gas. Perhaps the greatest difference between MIG and TIG welding is that unlike MIG welding, a TIG torch utilizes a non-consumable electrode (made from tungsten). For this type of welding, the welder needs to have a lot of expertise as it’s a very complex process, and it is much more time consuming.

Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) – Gas Metal Arc Welding, also referred to as “GMAW” or “(Metal Inert Gas) MIG welding” uses a consumable metal wire electrode is passed through the tip of the welding torch handle. An inert shielding gas such as Argon or a mixture of Argon and Carbon Dioxide is also also fed through the welding gun tip to protect it from contamination. This method requires a constant voltage and direct-current power source. MIG welding is often considered the most common welding method in general fabrications because of its versatility and relative ease. However, it is not ideal for use outdoors or in other areas with high air volatility.

Flux-Cored Arc Welding (FCAW) – Flux-Cored Arc Welding, or “FCAW”, is developed as an alternative to shield welding. This welding process is quite similar to MIG or GMAW process.  However, it features the use of a special tubular wire that is filled with flux. The flux may be sufficient by itself to protect the welding puddle from contamination or a shielding gas may also be used, depending on the filler material and other circumstances. This type of welding is well-known for being extremely inexpensive and easy to learn. However, there are several limitations in its applications and the results are not often aesthetically pleasing as some of the other welding methods.

Zechin Industries is fully equipped for custom welding job works and kept up-to-date on the latest welding techniques, providing the right welding processes or the methods of your job. Send us your welding project info today. We'll work to fully understand your needs and complete every custom metal welding fabrication job in the most punctual, professional, and mistake-free manner possible.

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